Banking In Oman Bank Muskat Essay Sample free essay sample

The Omani banking sector chiefly the merchandise of a November 1974 banking regulation set by the Central Bank of Oman ( CBO ) enforced by April 1974. The jurisprudence besides helped the entry of foreign – owned Bankss and to let growing in the figure of local Bankss in the Sultanate. As of September 1992 there were 20 – one commercial Bankss in comparing with three registered Bankss in 1972. In add-on there were three expert development Bankss: the Oman Development Bank ( 1977 ) the Oman Housing Bank ( 1977 ) and the Oman Bank for Agriculture and Fisheries ( 1981 ) . However the Omani ba-nk market is the smallest in the GCC. Of the 20 –one commercial Bankss eleven are foreign owned and covering chiefly on funding trade. Ten are local Bankss working a really active market. Because of competition the authorities suggested to merges to beef up them. The given is that five or six local Bankss will look as the nucleus with those confronting fiscal job commanding dea ling or unifying with more profitable establishment. We will write a custom essay sample on Banking In Oman: Bank Muskat Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A similar method may use to foreign Bankss of which merely five or six would go on to execute of import concern. The CBO took over the Oman Currency Board which was set up in 1972 to publish currency command authorities histories and carry through banking dealing with commercial Bankss and international organisation. The board’s occupation includes taking attention of the authorities s uneven assets. The CBO is authorized to give loans to the authorities to cover short term deficits in currency incomes to purchase authorities exchequer notes and warrants with long term adulthoods ten old ages to give loans to commercial Bankss and to purchase sell price reduction and rediscount commercial paper. In 1991 the banking order was changed to assist let the CBO to call off the licence or collar the motion of Bankss under its control leting the CBO to shut reappraisal control a bank straight. BANK MUSCATBank Muscat is the taking fiscal services supplier in Oman with assets deserving over USD 18 billion. holding strong presence in Corporate Banking. Retail Banking. Investing Banking. Treasury. Private Banking and Asset Management. The Bank has the largest web of 126 subdivisions and 362 Automated Teller Machines ( ATM ) . 112 Cash Dispensing Machines ( CDM ) and 4500 Point of Sale ( POS ) terminuss. Bank Muscat’s international operations consist of a subdivision each in Riyadh ( KSA ) and Kuwait. a Representative Office in Dubai ( UAE ) and strategic bets of 49 % in BMI Bank in Bahrain and 43 % in Mangal Kershav Holdings in India. besides Silk bank Limited in Pakistan. Bank Muscat holds the rare differentiation of being voted the ( Best Bank in Oman ) by The Banker. Global Finance and Euromoney. Bank Muscat is besides the victor of the esteemed Hewitt acknowledgment as the Middle East’s Best Employer. and was awarded ( The Strongest Bank in Oman ) at the Asiatic Banker Leadership Achievement Awards 2010. BankMuscat holds the rare differentiation of being voted the ‘Best Bank in Oman’ for seven old ages by The Banker. FT London ; nine old ages in a row by Global Finance and Euromoney. BankMuscat is the receiver of the esteemed Hewitt acknowledgment as the Middle East’s Best Employer 2009. The Bank was declared an Investor in People ( IiP ) administration in January 2007. going the first banking administration in the MENA part to be awarded the esteemed planetary acknowledgment. In 2004. BankMuscat became the first bank in the Middle East to be wholly ISO 9000:2000 certified BankMuscat’s fiscal statements are prepare d in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards and these evaluations are the highest assigned to any Omani bank. | L / Term | S / Term | Financial Strength/Outlook | Moody’s Investor’s Service | A1| Prime-1| C-/Stable| Fitch Rating| A-| F2| Stable|Capital Intelligence| A| A1| A-/Stable|Standard and Poor’s | A-| A2| Stable| Board of Directors 568 41237 Board of Directors 1 ) Sheikh Khalid bin Mustahail Al MashaniChairman2 ) Sulaiman bin Mohammed bin Hamed Al YahyaiVice Chairman3 ) Brigadier General Nasser bin Mohamed Al HarthyDirector4 ) Hamoud bin Ibrahim Soomar Al ZadjaliDirector5 ) K. K. Abdul RazakDirector6 ) Salim bin Taman Musallam Al MashaniDirector7 ) Abdul Salam bin Mohamed Al MurshidiDirector8 ) Sheikh Said bin Mohamed Al HarthyDirector Consumer BankingBank Muscat offers a full scope of retail and single banking merchandises and services through its web of subdivisions all around Oman. A thorough realizing of client demands has assisted Bank Muscat to successfuly germinate flexible and customized merchandises to run into them. Histories and DepositAt Bank Muscat we provide you a big system of sedimentation merchandises to assist you maintain money and acquire good returns. Choose from options runing from attractive gifts or involvement. Savingss Account: With Al Mazyona Scheme Al Mazyona Saving Scheme is Bank Muscat’s flagship consumer banking merchandise. and has controlled the nest eggs scheme sphere for about 20 old ages. The strategy has created an feeling. expanded its range and come to offer high-value hard currency awards throughout the twelvemonth. Interest Bearing Saving Account While opening an Interest Bearing Salvaging Account at Bank Muscat. you can acquire much more than merely the regular involvement. When you get involvement. you have the autonomy to utilize the history for your day-to-day banking minutess through our assorted electronic channels and all switch Oman and Visa Electron ATMs across the Earth. Al Mazyona Children’s Account When you have an Al Mazyona Account with the basic sedimentation merely Rial 50. the usefulness accruing to your kid include involvement free instruction loan for higher surveies ; assured schooling with Rial 100 per month till the age of 18 in the event of inadvertent decease of income gaining parent. free Super Card with fantastic offers and price reduction twofold opportunity to win al Mazyona gifts ; opportunity to fall in monthly children’s draw ; and electronic hard currency sedimentation installation. Al Mazyona Salary Plus Account This history gives you and your work spouses a host of benefits that are a new pattern in itself including ; no minimal balance required. on monthly services charges. attractive offers on one-year recognition card subscription. Hayatuna Family Protection at a particular monetary value. free SMS is received on your Mobile phone when your wage is credited to your history. international debits card. free involvement banking installation. free public-service corporation measure payment. †¦ . . etc. Salvaging Account with Double-your-Salary SchemeThe bank offers a ‘Double-You-Salary’ strategy wherein clients get the opportunity to win a gift equivalent to their salary. Current HistoryAs a Current Account holder at Bank Muscat you enjoy limitless easiness and comfort. Buy opening the history. you get a debit card that gives you 24 hours ATM entree at all Bank Muscat ATMs. Switch Oman and Visa Electron ATMs across the Earth ; overdraft installation ; and a cheque book. For a minimal recognition balance. of Rial 200 you can bask a host of alone privileges. Fixed Deposit Account If you are a short /medium /long term investor and desire your money to work harder than you do. Bank Muscat Fixed Deposits are made merely for you. You can open a Fixed Deposits with a minimal sum of Rial 1000 for a period runing from 1 month to 3 old ages. Recuring Deposit Account Open a Recuring Deposit Account with Bank Muscat and get down doing programs for your hereafter from today. Salvage your money. with little sum every month and see your nest eggs grow twelvemonth after twelvemonth. Choose the sum which you can salvage every month or take the mark sum that you are taking at. LOANS AND MORTGAGES To provide the fiscal demand of our clients Bank Muscat offers a broad scope of land merchandises. 1. BAITUNA HOME FINANCE2. EDUCATIONAL Loan3. Consumer AND PERSONAL LOANS4. OVERDRAFT FACILITY5. SAYYARATI CAR LoanInsuranceA scope of confidence merchandises from Bank Muscat aid you provide security for yourself. your household and your properties. 1. HAYATUNA FAMILY PROTECTON2. HAYATUNA MEDICAL CARE PLAN3. HAYATUNA HOME CONTENTS INSURANCE4. Motor InsuranceCARD SERVICEWhether you demand a debit. recognition or prepaid card for personal or concern –related usage. in order to do payment at assorted shops authorities offices. . Bank Muscat has the card to run into your want handily firmly. 1. DEBIT CARDOS Debit Card facilitate direct entree to your history and easy to retreating hard currency at anytime and anyplace. 1-BANK MUSCAT VISA ELECTRON DEDIT CARD 2-BANK MUSCAT VISA PLATINUM DEDIT CARD 2. CREDIT CARDS Recognition Card games are safer and easier than transporting hard currency. They can be used to purchase goods services all over the universe at different merchandiser mercantile establishments every bit good as through mail. telephone order and even on the Internet. 1-BANK VISA CLASSIC CREDIT CARD 2-BANK MUSCAT VISA CLASSIC CREDIT CARD WITH PICTURE3-BANK MUSCAT MINISTRY OF EDUCATION VISA CLASSIC CREIT CARD 4-BANK MUSCAT GOLD CREDIT CARD 5-BANK MASTER CARD PLATINUM CREDIT CARD 6-BANK MUSCAT VISA INFINITE CREDIT 7-ZEINAH CAEDIT CARD 3. PREPAID CARDS 1BANK MUSCAT MY MONEY PREPAID CARD 2MUSCAT E-PAYMENT PREPAID CARD 4. E-PURSE 1BANK MUSCAT E-CASH INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE PERPAID CARD Banking ChannelssBank Muscat electronic channels permit clients to entree their histories and execute assorted fiscal minutess. These channels comprise automated Teller machines ( ATM ) . call Centre. hard currency sedimentation machines ( CDM ) . cyberspace and nomadic banking. Standard atmosphere ATMs Access your history round the clock. Bank Muscat has Omanis biffest ATM web. The bank’s ATM are situated in commercial and residential country. gasoline make fulling station. airdrome. and other countries. which are handily accessible. Cash Deposits A sedimentation mechanism accept money. It counts the notes. gives you admittance for lodging hard currency in your history or any other client history in Bank Muscat. Bank Muscat clients can utilize this channel to give their usefulness measures and for Mobiles top up every bit good. Name Centre Behavior banking behaviour over the phone from anyplace and at anytime via a 24-hour user-friendly automatic service bill of fare. or talk to single bankers 24-7 every bit good as vacations. Internet BankingBank Muscat offers you with the agencies to transport out assorted banking minutess at the imperativeness of mouse. Available on 24 footing cyberspace banking licenses do the following 1-view histories. balances. statements 2-Pay public-service corporation measures. recognition card measures and instruction fees3-Mobile top up4-Transfer financess between ain histories5-Transfer money to India – Speed Transfer6-Make check book / demand bill of exchange petitions8-Report lost ATM cards9-Correspond withMOBILE BankingBank Muscat provides clients a agencies nomadic travelliy to make banking through nomadic banking channel. 1-Salary recognition2-ATMWithdrawal: Rial 50/-and above3-Point of sale transaction:75/-and above4-Cash sedimentation through Cash Deposit Machine: OMR 100/- and above 6-Loan delinquent7-Cheque Bounced Examples of cards in Bank Muscat Expat services:Bank Muscat Expat Services presents universe of fiscal consequence in Oman and in your place state. We offer am easy solution for all your fiscal demands at one counter. MONEY TRANSACTION AND REMITTANCEN Dial –a-DraftBank Muscat gives yet another suited service for clients by a tie-up with Oman and UAE Exchange Centre Co. LLC. This service is provided by our Call Centre. The client can inquire for a demand bill of exchange ( DD ) from the Call Centre and the petition is changed to acquire the DD sent to the donee in approximately 4 yearss clip Demand Draft in foreign currency is This a basic and low cost outgoing payment. DD is a cheaper to reassign money abroad. This service is besides really safe TTs ( Telegraphic transportation ) to another history Fast. dependable payment to planetary finish. Telegraphic Transfer is one of the fastest secure channels for reassigning money abroad Traveller’s ChequesBank Muscat releases and gets American Express Trave llers Cheques ( TCs ) through all subdivisions in USD. EUR and GBP currencies and in many denominations. TCs are secure. convenient manner to maintain safe your travel money while travel around the universe or around the state Money Transportation Now you do non hold to look for exchange houses when you have to reassign money to India. Bank Muscat offers you Speed Transfer. the first remittal services of its type in Oman. Payment Facilities Bill Payment and FacilitiesEasy Deposit Bill payments can assist us do payment for electricity. H2O. telephone. etc. Through the different bringing manner such us Bank Muscat drenches. call Canter. Internet banking. ATMS-there by supplying easy to the client. Safe Deposit cabinets Quality Policy Our Quality Policy is to accomplish and prolong a repute for quality in the national and international markets by offering merchandises and services that exceed the demands of our clients. We strive to stay the bank of first pick in all our merchandise and services. Towards this policy. our aims are: | Establishing and keeping a quality direction system in the Bank. based on international quality criterions. | | Continually reexamining our merchandises and services. feedback from employees ( internal clients ) and our clients to guarantee that there is continual betterment. | | Offering our clients first-class service. advanced merchandises and value-added banking while developing with them a reciprocally good association. | | Demonstrating vision. professionalism transparence and unity in the behavior of our concern and service. | | Achieving disciplined growing and sensible profitableness while runing on a sound fiscal base. | | Creating value for our stockholders. | | Encouraging. motivation and developing our human resources our most valuable plus and the basis of the Bank. | | Working towards the successful execution of authorities aims applicable to us. | | Striving towards and keeping a pre-eminent place in the bank | InterviewInterview with Ms: Najia Saif Harib ALShaili ( Deputy Director ) of Bank Muscat –AL Hamra Branch on: 20/9/2012 at: 12:30 Amani: How many subdivisions do you hold in Oman?Najia: About 134 subdivisions.Amani: Do you hold any subdivisions abroad?Najia: Yes we have in Saudi Arabia Kuwait India and Bahrain Amani: In which metropolis of Oman do you hold the most concentration of subdivisions? Najia: At capital country ( Muscat )Amani: What is the ratio of males to female employees in your country? Najia: 45 % mail % 55 femaleAmani: which section have the most figure of Exiles working? Najia: Information Technology DepartmentAmani: Which country of banking gives you the maximal net income? Najia: Loans and salvagingAmani: Do you give loans to pupils for higher surveies within Oman and abroad? What are the standards for these loans?Najia: Yes we give pupils loans to finish their higher instructionsStandards: 1 ) The pupils must convey commendation of surveies from the univer sity or college.2 ) Must his or her male parent wage transportation to the bank because he will be a warrant for the loan. Amani: Do you give loans for autos? What are the standards? Najia: Yes. the client can use for a auto loan ( sayyarati ) at any of bank Muscat subdivisions or auto franchises The bank will necessitate the undermentioned certification to be enclosed with the loan application: NID/Resident card transcript. passport transcript with visa page in instance of expartrials merely. salary certificate/salary assignment missive as applicable ( adverting your wage. terminal of service benefit and yoyr day of the month of employment ) . citation from the trader. You can avail of up to 80 % of the bill value of new auto. The maximal loan tenor offered is up to 72 months ( 6 old ages ) Amani: How rapidly do you react to client ailment? Najia: Equally shortly as possible. we assure the client that his /her job will be solved every bit shortly as possible. Some client ailments can be resolved with one visit or one phone call. Drawn-out issues should be tracked and reviewed to guarantee that advancement is being made and maintain the client informed about the advancement and job solution. Amani: What is your process of managing a client ailment? Najia: Through call centre Centre ( 24795555 ) and through FMS which are send the client complain to the subdivision. Amani: Do you hold a call Centre? How does it run? Najia: Yes the client can name the call Centre at anytime and from anyplace on ( 24795555 ) and follow the direction after content the call Centre material will reply all the questions such as information on Bankss merchandises. services and any other questions related to account balance. loans inside informations. issued checks position. fixed sedimentation involvement rates. currency exchange rates and etc. Amani: Is your client service staff bilingual? How do you better their linguistic communication accomplishments if need? Najia: Yes they must be. The bank ever sends the material courses to develop them about the best ways of communicating accomplishments. DecisionThe general uninterrupted growing in Oman has been consistent until 2012 and recognition enlargement is to rush up in this twelvemonth. The equity market which was optimistic was damaged earlier has shown good betterment so far. The equity markets in Oman are ready for the issue of IPOs or right issue. We can speak about Oman tell Telecommunications Company Volt A MSN Power and so on in this regard. Furthermore many Bankss are expected to take a portion shortly in the primary market to increase financess in the close hereafter for illustration: Bank Nizwa. AlIzz International Bank and so on. These programs are at different degrees of completion which the Capital Market Authority. The right clip and sum to be issued are being worked out. Contribution to these issues is been expected to be made largely by the Omanis ( families and establishments ) Other than some part from citizens of the GCC states other non –resident subscription may by every small as the planetary recovery continues to be show. Appetite for each issue would trust on the pricing of each issue. Same instances may be controlled by commercial Bankss. At the clip of subscription there is strong possibilities of backdown of bank financess to an of import Economic Research and statistics Dept six Bankss might be called to give loans to likely endorsers. If many instances are put together there might be some forces on the domestic liquidness at least for a period of clip till the returns come back to the banking system. The CMA can distribute the issue one time all the clip to maintain off from the frictional liquidness job in bank. Reference list Annual Report 2011. Financial reappraisal. p. g 84-88Banking in Oman ( 2004 ) [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Photius. com/countries/oman/economy/oman_economy_banking. hypertext markup language. [ Accessed on 18/9/2012 ]Bank Muscat ( 2008 ) [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol ; //www. bank Muscat. com [ Accessed on:29/9/2012 ] Bank Muscat merchandise A ; service See your domestic assistant and smile your concerns away Zeinah for today’s adult females The fastest manner to have your dream auto Everything from furniture to dally protected

Battle regarding evolution in public schools Essays

Battle regarding evolution in public schools Essays Battle regarding evolution in public schools Essay Battle regarding evolution in public schools Essay Essay Topic: The School for Scandal Many groups have tried to force their thoughts on the populace through schooling. Public school pupils, totaling in the 1000000s, seem a perfect, confined audience for the announcement of the thoughts of a few holier-than-thou groups. These groups have tried to act upon national thought by advancing their positions in the schoolroom, but this is non an acceptable method. A public school schoolroom is a topographic point for the passing of recognized cognition from an teacher to a pupil, non the topographic point for the thoughts of the nescient few to act upon the thought of the many. The local and province school boards serve as the cheque on the vocal few and find the course of study to be administered to the multitudes of pupils go toing category. Current scientific discipline course of study is widely accepted. Parents and communities have no ailments over their pupils larning about the categorization of animate beings and workss, chemical science, gravitation, cells, and organic structure procedures. The ailments are focused around the instruction of development, but for the many educated people in the field of biological science, development is a basic rule. Public school pupils must be exposed to this cardinal construct and be familiar with it. Evolution must be taught in schools since it is a scientific theoretical account that can non and should non be ignored. All other alternatives-creation scientific discipline, intelligent design, creationism, and others-are spiritual and have no topographic point in the public school schoolroom. Looking at the histor ical case in point and scientific credence, development is the lone theoretical account of life beginnings and patterned advance that should be taught in public schools. The conflict sing development in public schools has been traveling on for over a century. Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life in 1859. The conflict in the American tribunals over his thoughts being taught in school did non get down until after the bend of the century, nevertheless. The jobs began when fundamentalist Christians, or creationists, began to worry as they saw the figure of high school pupils explode to over two million between 1900 and 1920. [ 1 ] Darwin s evolutionary thoughts were now making more pupils than of all time. The Christians decided they needed to beef up their place in schools and initiated measures in several provinces to mandate the already present patterns of supplication and Bible reading. Along with these measures came antievolution Torahs. 1923 saw the first of a long line of measures doing it illegal to learn development in public schools. Ohio started things off with their measure that banned public school text editions that taught Darwinism. Florida s declaration of that same twelvemonth stated that it was improper and insurgent for public schools to Teach as true Darwinism or any hypothesis that links adult male in blood relationship to any signifier of lower life. [ 2 ] Tennessee followed suit in March 1925 when their le gislative assembly stated that it shall be improper for any instructor in any of the Universities, Conventions and all other public schools of the State which are supported in whole or in portion by the public school financess of the State, to learn any theory that denies the narrative of the Divine Creation of adult male as taught in the Bible, and to learn alternatively that adult male has descended from a lower order of animate beings. [ 3 ] Textbook publishing houses began to fear a diminution in gross revenues get downing about this clip and began to revise their editions to take all mentions to development and Darwinism. [ 4 ] Fundamentalist Christians had won their first conflict as the instruction of development was stunted across the state. Three provinces passed new antievolution statute law between 1925 and 1930 and by the 1930s, fundamentalist fastnesss in the South had established some signifier of antievolutionary policy, whether school board mandates or administrative opinions. [ 5 ] The antievolutionary feelings had spread, much to the hurt of scientific acquisition. Evolution shortly became forbidden in the public schools. Through the 1940s, instructors and decision makers worried about piquing parents and communities and therefore avoided the instruction of development. Textbooks continued to go forth out evolutionary thoughts. It was estimated that less than half of all high school scientific discipline instructors in the early 1940s taught anything about development. [ 6 ] 1947 marked the beginning of the terminal for fundamentalist Christians contending the war over development. The United States Supreme Court ruled that neither a province nor the federal authorities could go through any statute law aiding or giving penchant to a faith. The fundamentalists took another blow in 1948 in McCollum vs. Board of Education. The Court stated that Illinois affords sectarian groups an priceless assistance in that it helps to supply students for their spiritual categories through usage of the province s mandatory public school machinery. This is non separation of church and province. [ 7 ] This ended all spiritual direction in public schools. The Space Race of the 1950s spurred new ardor in scientific discipline instruction. Scientists and politicians likewise pushed for new biological science text editions, conveying development back to the schoolroom. Fundamentalists that had triumphed in the first one-fourth century were losing the war over development, conflict after conflict. After supplication and Bible reading were eliminated from the schoolroom in 1962 and 1963, development itself eventually made it to the Supreme Court in 1968. The new push for greater scientific discipline instruction triggered by Sputnik ran into a wall of antievolution Torahs. These Torahs prevented the enlargement of scientific, chiefly biological, cognition and new findings into the schoolroom. The instructor s brotherhood in Arkansas challenged the province jurisprudence and appealed the opinions until their instance landed in the Supreme Court. The Court found the Arkansas antievolution jurisprudence to be unconstitutional. [ 8 ] This efficaciously ended all Torahs forestalling development from being taught in public schools. Another loss for fundamentalists and a immense addition for pupils and scientific discipline. The creationists had been defeated repeatedly in the tribunals and could merely acquire their positions back in the schoolroom with a large interruption. Much to the irritation of the scientific community, this interruption came in the eightiess with the rise of equal clip measures. The fundamentalists were still smartly seeking to barricade the instruction of evolutionary biological science in the schools, or if that proved impossible, to demand equal clip for the instruction of creation scientific discipline, which was an effort to flex scientific informations to conform to one of the scriptural histories of creative activity and throw uncertainty on the finds of evolutionists. [ 9 ] In 1982, nevertheless, McLean vs. Arkansas Board of Education put an terminal to the creative activity scientific discipline effort though. A federal tribunal ruled that creative activity scientific discipline is non a scientific discipline at all, but a spiritual belief, and therefore non allowed in public school schoolrooms. [ 10 ] Another measure, passed in Louisiana in 1981, went to the Supreme Court in 1987, giving the Court an chance to reenforce the place against creative activity scientific discipline. The determination states that Louisiana s equal clip Act impermissibly endorses faith by progressing the spiritual belief that a supernatural being created world The Act s primary intent was to alter the public school scientific discipline course of study to supply persuasive advantage to a peculiar spiritual philosophy that rejects the factual footing of development in its entireness. Therefore, the Act is designed either to advance the theory of creative activity scientific discipline that embodies a peculiar spiritual dogma or to forbid the instruction of a scientific theory disfavored by certain spiritual religious orders. In either instance, the Act violates the First Amendment. [ 11 ] Creationists were unrelenting though. If they could non convey their ain version of the beginning and development of life into the schoolroom, they would seek their hardest to discredit development. In the mid-1990s, the thought of text edition disclaimers took clasp, particularly in the South. The Alabama State Board of Education voted in 1995 to necessitate an absurd one-page disclaimer to be pasted into every new biological science text edition. The disclaimer began, This text edition discusses development, a controversial theory some scientists present as a scientific account for the beginning of life things, such as workss, animate beings and worlds. No 1 was present when life foremost appeared on Earth. Therefore, any statement about life s beginnings should be considered as theory, non fact. [ 12 ] In 1994, the Tangipahoa Parish Board of Education in Louisiana required that the undermentioned disclaimer be read before the beginning of any lesson sing development: It is hereby recognized by the Tangipahoa Parish Board of Education, that the lesson to be presented, sing the beginning of life and affair, is known as the Scientific Theory of Evolution and should be presented to inform pupils of the scientific construct and non intended to act upon or deter the Biblical version of Creation or any other construct. It is farther recognized by the Board of Education that it is the basic right and privilege of each pupil to organize his/her ain sentiment or keep beliefs taught by parents on this really of import affair of the beginning of life and affair. Students are urged to exert critical thought and garner all information possible and closely examine each alternate toward organizing an sentiment. [ 13 ] The tribunals found these statements unacceptable. The National Science Teachers Association ( NSTA ) adopted as portion of their place on the instruction of development in 1997 that [ s ] cience text editions shall stress development as a consolidative construct. Publishers should non be required or volunteer to include disclaimers in text editions refering the nature and survey of development. [ 14 ] Thankfully, textbooks no longer come with a sacredly based spine that undermines the credibleness of development. Creationists have non given up-the contention continues today. In 1999, the Kansas State Board of Education voted to replace development, the large knock, and any mentions to an earth one million millions of old ages old with the Intelligent Design theory. Fortunately, this determination was overturned in 2001 when a new Board was elected. [ 15 ] Unfortunately, Kansas is non the lone province covering ill with development though. A national survey done by the Fordham Foundation in 2000 found that 12 provinces had useless or absent instruction of development, but Kansas was given the lone F- for making a scandalous occupation. [ 16 ] As one can see, the history of development in schools is disruptive. Different groups within the fundamentalist motion have tried, and failed, to set faith in schools. Since all options to development are sacredly based, they can non be included in the course of study. It seems clear though that development is the lone option that can lawfully be taught in schools. Throughout the conflict in the tribunals, the creationists have failed to understand what scientific discipline truly is. Harmonizing to Webster s lexicon, scientific discipline is cognition or a system of cognition covering general truths or the operation of general Torahs. [ 17 ] Evolution falls absolutely into this class. Evolutionary biological science is a cardinal scientific theory that provides a all right instance history of how scientific discipline is done. [ 18 ] It is non a topic that can be ignored and pupils must be exposed to it in school. In fact, it is important to the apprehension of many biological constructs and must be referred to throughout the course of study, which should reflect and learn scientific cognition, non the specific beliefs of an involvement group or organisation. Since scientific discipline is neither a spiritual dogma nor a portion of a belief system, one can non believe in development. Evolution is non a spiritual belief or credo. [ 19 ] One can, and should, accept the rule as scientifically accurate, but it is non something one can believe in or non. This is different from creative activity scientific discipline. Creation scientific discipline is non a scientific theoretical account because of its trust on the supernatural. It steps outside the scientific kingdom with its thoughts that are non of the natural universe itself. Foundations of Biology, a text edition from 1953, explains the scientific rejection of creationism this manner, the particular creative activity theory as a actual account of the life universe is non accepted as a sound biologic rule by most life scientists. Credence of this theory would virtually shut the door to farther research. [ 20 ] Besides, since the constructs of creative activity scientific discipline ca n non be seen or tested since they are based on scriptural histories, they do non fall into the field of scientific discipline. As stated in the National Science Education Standards and supported by the National Science Teacher s Association, accounts on how the natural universe alterations based on myths, personal beliefs, spiritual values, mystical inspiration, superstitious notion, or authorization may be personally utile and socially relevant, but they are non scientific. [ 21 ] Evolution, on the other manus, is based on discernible, testable grounds found in nature. Development is clearly scientific and has and will go on to be tested in assorted subjects and countries of survey. The occupation of the scientific discipline instructor is to supply the pupil with a full instruction of all scientific rules. Development is one of these rules, and a really of import one at that. Eugenie C. Scott, the executive manager of the National Center for Science Education put it this manner: The occupation of a scientific discipline instructor is to learn province of the art scientific discipline, and that means development. Students who do non understand development can non be said to be scientifically literate. [ 22 ] The NSTA supports the place that development is a major uniting construct of scientific discipline and should be included as portion of K-College scientific discipline models and course of study. [ 23 ] Pennsylvania s Academic Standards for Science and Technology adopted in 2002 concur. The province s Department of Education includes evolutionary constructs and theory as portion of the criterions that depict what pupils should cognize and be able to m ake by the terminal of 4th, 7th, 10th and 12th class. [ 24 ] The National Science Education Standards besides include development as a cardinal subject in life scientific discipline and biological science. The 9-12 class content criterions include the fact that natural choice and its evolutionary effects provide a scientific account for the dodo record of ancient life signifiers, every bit good as for the dramatic molecular similarities observed among the diverse species of life beings. [ 25 ] Textbooks from throughout the century, when they were lawfully allowed, devoted big subdivisions to development. General Biology from 1928 says, the development of life things is to the trained life scientist an established fact. To him the grounds in support of such a belief is every bit convincing as that underlying the phenomena of gravity and chemical affinity. [ 26 ] The text edition exhaustively explains the major facets of development theory and even explores controversial human de velopment. As one can see, legion organisations believe that pupils should be exposed to the best scientific cognition in biological science, every bit good as in all Fieldss of their instruction. Public school pupils need to larn the positions of modern scientists, non scriptural literalists. The National Academy of Sciences provinces that [ s ] cientists every bit good as pedagogues have concluded that evolution-and merely evolution-should be taught in scientific discipline categories because it is the lone scientific account for why the existence is the manner it is today. [ 27 ] The creationists are non satisfied with scientists and scientific organisations publicity of development. They merely do non believe that development in true. This is a immense false belief, but they use the theory versus fact statement to deny development s credibleness. They say that since it is called the Theory of Evolution it is non proven true and hence should non be taught in schools. The scientific community, nevertheless, disagrees. John A. Moore, Professor of Biology at the University of California, Riverside and textbook writer explains in his book Science as a Way of Knowing, The Foundations of Modern Biology, theory for a scientist may stand for the grandest synthesis of a big and of import organic structure of information about some related group of natural phenomena. [ 28 ] The scientific community accepts a theory as true after extended and thorough testing and experimentation. Theories are alterable with new grounds though. If parts of Darwin s expansive theor y of development are found to be false, the theory itself will non be tossed out. Those parts will merely be eliminated or replaced by more accurate or likely informations. General theories are neer disproved, merely improved, says Professor Moore. [ 29 ] The NSTA agrees. They say, [ T ] heories and other accounts change as [ the ] organic structure of scientific cognition alterations [ with ] new observations and finds. [ 30 ] Development can be a confusing topic, but [ m ] any misconceptions about the procedure of natural choice can be changed through direction. [ 31 ] The instructor needs to show the facts and guide pupils into accepting the truth that the grounds shows. The dodo and anatomical record grounds for consecutive alterations of the workss and animate beings through geologic clip, with more complex signifiers looking subsequently, is so overpowering that all one demands is to hold pupils analyze the facts. [ 32 ] This is non where the conversation sing development should stop, nevertheless. Teachers have to cover with the contention every bit good. When discoursing controversial issues such as development, normally it is non the facts under consideration that are controversial ; these are by and large good established. It is the reading of the facts for personal behaviour which may be controversial. [ 33 ] This helpful testimony was shared with instructors in the 1958 edition of a ushe r for learning high school scientific discipline called A Book of Methods. It goes on to state that much is gained by promoting pupils to talk out in expostulation to evolution and so patiently pulling from them the statement that the rule of development is what life scientists have developed as an account of the facts at manus. [ 34 ] Teachers can non anticipate to learn the topic with no expostulations and no inquiries. The pupils will all convey their personal values and beliefs with them to category and particularly sing development, will be really defensive of them. The instructor should explicate why lone development is taught and why options to evolution, including creative activity scientific discipline and intelligent design, are non presented. These options are non to be presented in category because they, and all other options, are sacredly based. Based on the case in point set by the Supreme Court, none of these religiously based theoretical accounts can be allowe d into the public school schoolroom. Development is doubtless indispensable to a complete apprehension of scientific discipline. Students will non hold a full position of the scientific universe if they do non larn development. But faith besides has its topographic point in society. It should non be ignored or silenced, but it merely can non be allowed into the sphere of the public school schoolroom. Religious thoughts and survey should be accepted for what they are, but they are non science. Teachers of scientific discipline can non convey alternate theoretical accounts of the patterned advance of life into the schoolroom. Some may experience that by making this, we deny pupils their academic freedom, but this is non so. They are free to research as much of creationism or intelligent design as they desire, but non in school. We can non deny our pupils the chance to larn the scientific findings about the astonishing patterned advance of life that has taken topographic point on this planet.

Health and Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health and Safety - Assignment Example First, the employees stop feeling proud to be associated with the company. Secondly, the careless accidents can instill fear on the employees on learning how they are working in poor conditions. Additionally, high cost-cutting and reduced infrastructure budget exposes the employees to more workplace hazards. Finally, these practices make the employees to lack role models. First, they can lead to fatal accidents that cause massive ecological damages, like the Gulf of Mexico oil spill in 2010, which can lead employees to lack confidence in the company (Balaguer, 2010). Secondly, they can lead the employees to take court action against the company. Thirdly, the employees may plan mass protest or strike which can paralyze the operations of the company. In addition, they can lead accidents, which cause death and injury to employees straining the relationship between the two parties. Lastly, they can lead the employees to question the company commitment to their safety and wellbeing. First, the BP operations license may suspend. Secondly, the company license may be revoked due to failure to meet the standards set. Thirdly, the authorities can close part of BP facilities they deem hazardous, like it happened in 2006 on some part of Prudhoe Bay oilfield in Alaska (Coy and Reed, 2010, p.53). Additionally, huge fines can be imposed on the company. Finally, the authorities make sure that the company cleans up the mess from accidents, pays damages, and contributes towards restoration of the ecology. First, they cost the company’s reputation a major blow once revealed. Secondly, the customers loose confidence in the company’s products turning to competitors. Thirdly, the public and customers may sue the company due to environmental damages. Further, the public and customers may shun the company’s social responsibility efforts. Lastly, due to

Migration between European countries and their former colonies Term Paper

Migration between European countries and their former colonies - Term Paper Example For migrants, there are rules that they were supposed to follow when in the nations they moved to in which they will also be discussed in the main paper. Generally. This paper will explain migration of the Europeans and their former colonies in details. Introduction Migration refers to the physical movement of individuals from one region to another. This paper will examine the migration between the Europeans countries and their former colonies. In this case, the form of migration undertaken is known as international migration. This refers to the movement of individuals across national borders with the view of remaining in the guest nation for at least one year. This means that citizens of various European countries moved from their motherlands, crossing the borders of other nations to settle there. There are various reasons as to why this migration took place and this is among the issues that will be discussed in the main body of the paper. The research that was carried out to find o ut the reasons why this migration was undertaken and various methodologies were implemented to make the research effective. The methodologies implemented in the research process will also be discussed in the main body of the paper to clearly show implementations used to gather the findings that were reached at the end. After the research, full information is gathered making it possible for the researchers to know why the European countries migrated to other nations and the impacts of this process. In this case, the impacts will also be put into consideration and discussed in details in the paper. These are generally the issues that this paper wishes to discuss in order to provide information of why how and the results of the migration process between the European counties and their former colonies. Literature review Research shows that the European region exhibited two different forms of migration patterns in the twentieth century. Within the first fifty years, Europe was involved i n emigration towards the New World, while the second half of the twentieth century involved immigration patterns. Immigration refers to the movement of people into a different nation in order to have their new settlement schemes there. This gives a clear impression that there are some of the European county citizens who moved to other nations for the purpose of settling there. Coleman explains that the diverse migration movements were undertaken due to a variety of factors. The factors that led to these migration movements include: termination of the cold war, the consolidation of Germany, decolonization, wars and political suppression and the considerable demand of law and unskilled laborers. These reasons give a clear impression that there are many factors that contributed to the migration movements of the European countries. They undertook this practice in order to avoid some problems and make their living standards better by settling in other areas (Coleman 54). The current migr ation movement pattern by the Europeans is due to different factors. These factors include: declining populations due to the higher number of ageing people compared to young people. This gives a clear impression that the economy of the various nations where movements take place has low development rates. This is major because the young people who are energetic enough to provide the required labor force for the

Rita and Sue Escaping Constraints of Class and Gender Backgrounds Movie Review

Rita and Sue Escaping Constraints of Class and Gender Backgrounds - Movie Review Example The film's opening sequence show's Sue's father swaggering from drunkenness on his way home. Meeting Sue just before he approaches the house, he questions the girl as to where she was going and admonishes her not to be out all night. Sue tells him to mind his own business and that she'll be back when she wants. This first instance immediately shows escapist behavior for Sue who disregards male dominance and asserts feminism. "The changing nature of work the introduction of new technologies and the subsequent deskilling of traditional male jobs have undermined traditional working-class masculinities." (Rutherford 1988) The next scene is Sue and Rita going to Bob's house to baby-sit. Also early in the firm, Sue works for a taxi company where she meets Aslam. Again these depict the feminine response to the changing economic and social circumstances of the period. Instead of females staying at home and males going out to work, Rita and Sue are escaping the traditional gender expectation that they assume domestic roles. In another scene, Sue derides Aslam. She first insinuates that being Pakki or Asian is beneath her class, and then makes up her mind that since Aslam is a man he’d probably be no different from all other men, which passes judgment on the growing emasculation of the males of her time. The use of profanity throughout the film is another form of escape. Vulgar language is freely used by males and females alike. For the females, use of such language is gender freedom from previous eras when men silence women. The girls’ sauciness is also a form of rebellion against conformity, an underclass characteristic which have tends to prevent its members from rising above their class. Very prominent in the story and on which the plot revolves is the sexual relationship between Bob and Rita and Sue, including the minor details it involves. The entire series of sequences portrays escape for the two female lead players from their underclass which is characterized by unemployment, work devaluation, welfare dependence, broken families, de-stabilization of the male-breadwinner role, poor education, poverty, criminality and disadvantages in housing. Having fun by just getting a lift or a drive in Bob's car, baby-sitting in a middle-class house expensively decorated and furnished, with nice lawns and open spaces, enjoying a rock video on a comfortable sofa, going to the nightclub, many meetings in not very popular public places, reveling in dancing to Black Laces's Gang Bang without a care in the world, are all forms of escape for Rita and Sue. Contrast Rita and Sue's squalid housing against Bob's relatively affluent middle-class home. By simply being in Bob's house, the two girls experience a different world and escape their own. Getting a lift, going for a ride, listening to the radio in Bob's car, all pass time away from the urban decay of their Bradford Buttershaw Estate. Going to the nightclub and many other public places, watching Black Lace and dancing to their tune would all not be affordable in the girls' current status. But being in a relationship with Bob has provided them many new experiences and opportunities for escaping their realities, albeit temporarily. From what the

Straw Bale Home Construction

Straw Bale Home Construction Straw bale home construction is a green building method that uses bales of straw as structural support, insulation, or both. Generally, this method of building has numerous advantages over conventional building systems because straw is a renewable source, low cost, easily available, and has a high insulation value. The two forms of straw bale construction are load-bearing (Nebraska style) which uses the bales of straw as structural support and non-load bearing (infill) which uses the bales of straw as insulation between traditional wood framed walls. Non-load bearing straw bale homes is easier to obtain permits and working with building code officials because officials view straw bales as an alternative insulation material, but since the structural elements are familiar, infill straw bale is less intimidating to contractors not already familiar with this type of construction. The construction process for a non-load bearing straw bale home is very similar to a convention home build, a nd it is typically less expensive to build. During the 21st century, society is aware of climate change, more intense storm systems (i.e. hurricane Katrina), and other environmental impacts that could potentially harm mankind. In an effort to combat such impacts, technology is now even more present in the construction industry, and society is beginning to turn towards sustainable resources and green building materials as an alternative to conventional construction. While buildings are our place of residency, employment, and playground that protect us from natures extremes, green building is the practice of creating and using healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition (Green Building, 2009). In the United States, buildings account for 39% of total energy use, 12% of total water consumption, 68% of total electricity consumption, and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions (Why Build Green, 2009). Construction has an impact on the natural environment, human health, and the economy. By utilizing an alternative more sustainable resources into building construction, buildings will benefit society, the economy, and the environment from minimizing strain on local infrastructure, reducing operating costs while optimizing life-cycle performance, and preserving our natural resources from protecting ecosystems, reducing waste streams, and improving air and water quality (Why Build Green, 2009). Straw bale home construction is an example of a green building method. Straw is a renewable resource, relatively inexpensive, and when put into practical use, extremely energy efficient (Choosing Green Materials and Products, 2009). Straw bale construction uses bales of straw as structural elements, insulation, or both (Straw Bale Construction, 2009). Straw has been used in construction since the early 20th century in many types of buildings because it provides excellent tensile strength, great insulation value, and additional structural integrity. There are some 75+ year-old buildings still inhabited today (Jacoby, 2001). Straw bale home construction started in the Midwestern United States, especially in Nebraska because the grass in plentiful (Straw Bale Construction, 2009). This green building approach has been put into more practical use at the turn of the 21st century. The United States currently wastes 200 million tons of straw each year, and the United States Department of Agriculture indicates that American farmers annually harvest enough straw to build about 4 million, 2,000 square foot homes each year which is roughly 4 times the number of houses currently constructed (Jacoby, 2001). Generally, straw bale construction has numerous advantages over conventional building systems because straw is a renewable resource, eco-fr iendly, strong and durable, completely biodegradable, inexpensive, readily available, and has a high insulation value (Straw Bale Construction, 2009). Currently, there are two forms of straw bale home construction. The most common, load-bearing or Nebraska style, uses the bales of straw as structural support while non-load bearing or infill uses the bales of straw as insulation between traditional posts and beamed framed walls (Hart, 2009). Non-load bearing straw bale construction is more beneficial than conventional home construction because straw bales has a high sound absorption coefficient, high insulating qualities with an average R-values of 42 while an R-value of 19 is considered to be super insulated, and this method of construction can incorporate conventional building methods as well (Jacoby, 2001). However straw bale builders face many drawbacks. The design and construction of the straw bale home requires careful detailing to prevent liquid water infiltration, requires breathable finishes, generally plaster over the straw, requires educating the owner, the builder, permitting officials, and requires close interaction with building code officials in regions that do not currently have codes for straw bale home construction. Financing a straw bale home is rather difficult because banks are less likely to lend because it is an alternative method, unknown conditions exist, or there is a lack of building codes in p lace (Phyers, n.d.). In the recent years, this is rapidly changing, and building code officials are more likely to permit non-load bearing straw homes because the structural system is an independent element, because it utilizes conventional techniques, and it can be engineered according to load requirements and building codes (Jacoby, 2001). Most residential post and beam house framing in North America today is built using stud construction or timber framing, and it could incorporate exposed timber throughout the structure (Post And Beam House: Timber Framing versus Standard Stud Construction, 2008). Non-load bearing straw bale construction uses post and beam framing and/or stud construction as the structural support then uses straw bales to infill as an independent element. This method of construction does not rely on bales to carry any of the building loads other than the weight of the bales themselves (Jacoby, 2001). Figure 1 on the proceeding page is a detail of a non-load bearing house. The drawing depicts a slab-on-grade foundation, size of timber to be used, orientation of the straw bales, and number of straw bale layers needed to reach the height of the ceiling. Non-load bearing straw bale construction is easier obtaining permits and working with building code officials because officials view straw bales as an al ternative insulation material, and since the structural elements are familiar, infill straw bale is less intimidating to contractors not already familiar with this type of construction (Overview of Straw Bale Construction, 2000). The construction process for a non-load bearing straw bale home is relatively simple. This process is not much different than a conventional home build. In a non-load bearing straw bale home build, typically just the perimeter walls are infilled with straw bales, and all structural components must be constructed first. This includes the foundation (this could vary depending on the current building code as noted in the building code section in the proceeding pages), the  stud walls and floor joists are constructed, and finally the roof is installed. Interior walls can be constructed before or after the straw bales are infilled. Some building codes require non-load bearing straw bale structure to install the straw bales in the dry. Simply stated, the straw bales can only be placed once the roof is constructed and finished roofing is installed. Then, the straw bales can then be placed between the structural elements and around all openings including windows and doors. Depending on the ceiling height, there are typically about 7-8 straw bale layers needed to reach the ceiling height. Any remaining interior walls will then be constructed to allow for electrical and plumbing rough-in. Electrical can be installed two different ways, hidden or exposed. If the electrical is to be hidden, conduit is run between the straw bale layers per building code while if the electrical is to be exposed, the conduit is run above the ceiling, in the roof before being exposed down the side of the wall. A cement/lime plaster and stucco is to be applied to the interior and exterior respectively. All windows and doors are installed before the remaining finishes are applied (i.e. drywall, trim, paint). Finish plaster is applied to the interior and exterior before the remaining finish elements are completed. (Overview of Straw Bale Construction, 2000). Straw bales are an inexpensive building material. The material cost for straw bales walls are substantially lower than conventional stud walls. Generally, the cost of a straw bale wall is approximately 1/5 of the total home construction cost opposed to 1/2 of conventional home construction cost (Overview of Straw Bale Construction, 2000). However hired labor is very expensive (Jacoby, 2001). It is especially in the plastering process because it is a technical and time consuming process, but it is recommended to have community helpers or volunteers to assist with the plastering process to reduce labor costs (Overview of Straw Bale Construction, 2000). In comparison to the actual cost of a non-load bearing straw bale home to a conventional home, it depends on the how green the building will be. A straw bale home can be built for as little as $15 a square foot, to a typical range of $43-$73 a square foot, to upwards of $100 a square foot (Phyers, n.d.). In relation to the average home s ize of 2200 square feet, the cost of a straw bale home is $33,000, $94,600-$160,600, and $220,000 respectively. Non-load bearing straw bale homes is typically higher in cost because stud framing does still exist in the exterior to carry the load. Non-load bearing and load-bearing straw bale houses each have individual structural characteristics but while under testing conditions, have similar results. Researchers have been testing straw bales or straw bale structures in comparison to convention homes while under extreme wind conditions (i.e. hurricane), fire rating properties, and during an earthquake. All of these are acceptable tests depending on the region the home is to be built. Straw bales have a unique characteristic. Architects and Engineers have considered straw bales to be a seismic resistant building material (Morrison, 2009). Researching and testing has shown that while induced in gale force winds of up to 75mph, a straw bale structure will have no movement, but when tested in winds of up to 100mph, the structure only moves 1/16 (Morrison, 2009). Furthermore, straw bales are dried straw, 3 times as fire resist as current building material finishes used in conventional homes. Dried straw only contains 8% moisture a nd lack the oxygen needed to ignite a flame (Morrison, 2009). Straw bales act as a shock absorber rather than rigid and breaking. In non-load bearing straw bales structures, the straw rests against the stud construction to absorb the shock of the earthquake. Even more astonishing, a straw bale cabin was built and placed on an earthquake testing machine. The cabin was tested in conditions many people have not experienced. The machine induced an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 on the Richter scale (Ecoville Architecs, 2009). Many regions of the United States do not have building codes that apply to green materials or straw bale structures. Many building officials lack the knowledge needed to approve a green building, in particular, straw bale housing. The approval rate in an area with insufficient or no green building codes is 50% among the code officials surveyed (DCAT, 2005). Nevertheless, the Midwest and West Coast contain the most straw bale building codes. Typically these codes are for both load-bearing and non-load bearing straw bale houses while some codes only focus on non-load bearing straw bale walls. The cities that currently have straw bale building codes are: Austin, Texas, multiple cities and counties in the state of California, Cortez, Colorado, parts of Nevada, Tucson, Arizona, parts of Nebraska, and the entire state of Oregon (Skillful Means, 2000). Tucson, Arizona is noted for requiring all straw bale houses to house doubled stem concrete block foundation walls filled with concrete rath er than a slab-on-grade foundation (Phyers, n.d.). Regions that do not currently have straw bale building code like parts of Maryland and Pennsylvania are likely to adopt a code similar to Cortez, Colorado due to the nature and climate of the region, and they will typically require the use of non-load bearing straw bale structures while referring to load-bearing straw bale walls as experimental. Load-bearing straw bale walls are subject to the interpretation of the Uniform Building (Cortez SB Codes, 1997). Non-load bearing straw bale home construction is relatively similar to conventional home construction. Straw bales give owners the opportunity to use a renewable resource, which is eco-friendly, strong and durable, completely biodegradable, inexpensive, readily available, and has a high insulation value on the perimeter of the building (Straw Bale Construction, 2009). This will help reduce energy costs substantially. The overall cost is very similar to a conventional home, but by utilizing an alternative more sustainable resource into home construction, houses will benefit society, the economy, and the environment from minimizing strain on local infrastructure, reducing operating costs while optimizing life-cycle performance, and preserving our natural resources from protecting ecosystems, reducing waste streams, and improving air and water quality (Why Build Green, 2009). Building codes are starting to accept alternative green building methods, and a strong recommendation for a new home builder is to elect to use a non-load bearing straw bale system. The owner will not be disappointed.

Essay --

During the Vietnam war the press and the media had complete atonement. For the first time the media had no censorship. The historical films that were made to be based off the Vietnam war were not accurate and were very distorted for entertainment value. I also think that the press media was very distorted as well. Many movies like The Green Berets and Medium Cool substituted violence for historical content. But not only were they filled with pointless violence they also had a lot of racist clichà ©s in them. Although the films were not giving the war a good name, It is possible that it was the media press that started the non support of the war. At first the media was very supportive of the war, but when the news did coverage of the Tet offensive it also sparked the anti war movement. Many major groups felt that the war was foreclosing the hope of making America a decent and truly democratic society. Martin Lutther King was also opposed to the war. He did not like that America would put funds into a war that we should not be in, in the first place, and that was also on foreign soil ...

Development in Malaysia Essay

As Malaysia had experienced an extraordinary economic growth in the last 3 decades is has brought high standards of living for the majority of the people. The people in Kuala Lumpur and major tourist destinations can now enjoy a quality of living which is very similar to developed countries. While Malaysia has done extremely well in some areas there are still challenges that the Government is lacking in delivering healthcare and education to all. In Sarawak and Sabah for example, ethnic minorities are situated in distant areas of Borneo’s rainforest where mountains and rivers are dividing villages from schools and modern services. It is tough for the families who live in these villages as not everyone is able to access the benefits of modernisation. The wealthiest 20% of Malaysians control 53. 8% of the wealth whereas the poorest 20% of the population controls only 4. 5 percent of wealth. Once the country started to modernise, Malaysians living in urban areas has increased from 27% in1970 to 62% in 2000. Forms of poverty started to appear; both urban and rural. After the time of the independence, Malays had migrated to the cities. Arguably, the monthly income is not enough to be able to support a family of four to meet their needs. Roughly quarter of the population could not afford to live in descent accommodations and had to live in squatter settlements as it is more affordable. A poverty reduction programme was introduced, where the poverty line had decreased from 7. 7 % in 1999 to 5. 1% in 2002. This shows a positive reduction. Elderly and disabled people got the opportunity to receive welfare support from the government. In Malaysia, the poverty rate shrank from slightly over half of the population in 1973 to 7. 8 percent in 1995. This means that if poverty reduction continues at the same rate, by 2003, there would be no one left below the poverty line of $2 international dollars a day. This is mainly because the government is trying to increase expenditure on major anti-poverty programs to protect real spending per individual, specially targeting the expenditure for small-scale loans and income generated activities for the poorest in rural areas as well as improvements in welfare programs. Apart of that, the government also spent safety nets for the newly poor through urban micro-credit programs and provision of special skills training for unskilled workers. This progress in poverty reduction measured in income terms is mirrored by improvements in social indicators. Malaysia’s achievements in increasing life expectancy (2003: 70. 6 years for male and 75. 5 years for female) are particularly impressive. Conclusion / Recommendations Monitoring of the gender and development – Since 1988 Malaysia has been experiencing an economic boom. The high growth of the economy was achieved with almost full employment. This strong performance in growth has resulted in basic structural changes in the economy. Ever since the experience of the economic boom, there have been changes in the roles of employment. From the above data, it is evident that there are significant increases in the participation of women in the manufacturing sector and the work force as a whole. Analysis of the of the many positive changes in the improvement of women’s health has lead to a greater amount of children with more access to education across all levels. Now that shortage of labour has increased. It gives a stronger possibility for women who are unpaid to move to paid labour. With the greater amount of job opportunities and demands for both skilled men and women in the manufacturing sector. Moreover with a wider range of availability this strengthens the workforce which helps build a stronger economy providing more employment and attracting foreign investments. As works with the Government and United Nations have been put into place for introducing new projects and programmes that look at decreasing gender inequality. This positive strategy will raise awareness of the situation and allow advancement of women to take place in the future and result in better educated women reflecting into a more economically productive community. One of the most essential factors for the empowerment of women has been education. As today, there are more females than males in the institutions of higher learning education. However, further studies should be put in place to identify problems and solution, for maintaining this industrial growth. They should implement the role of sharing experiences, with one another through bottom-up development and having expertise to keep strengthening the environment and success of the many efforts that have contributed into helping Malaysia The Government should be concerned with financial support. The greater focus on financial support would allow them to invest in equipment, technology and/or research and development. I suppose it is also important to have enough resources provided for the equality of gender and eventually, continuing to regularly update the progress of the gender financing situation which could have a positive effect for Malaysia in the long run. If the government continues to enhance efforts, to further improve the status of women, then this might enable them to reach their full potential as they are likely to have more belief in themselves resulting in more opportunities of them being included in the process of policies and/or programmes. Bibliography http://www. state. gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100527. htm http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_6017. htmlhttp://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_6017. html http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_mdgs_malaysia. html http://genderindex. org/country/malaysia http://www. unescap. org/huset/women/reports/malaysia. pdf http://thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2008/8/2/business/21954384&sec=business – http://www. kuala-lumpur. ws/culture-traditions/ http://www. wao. org. my/news/20010301statusreport. htm#Government.

Free Essays on Blues In St Louis

Albert King, Where Y’at? Film: There’ll Always Be Stars In the Sky In today’s world, many people speak from their own experiences, coming from different backgrounds and caught between conflicting cultures. Countries seen as world powers, strong, confident and proud of their culture, now feel insecure- while other smallere countries are becoming more confident about their roots, identity and culture. St. louis went through tough times of cultural and political conflicts, but now those cultures have come together especially in music. Black music was at the fore-front of the St-Louis music scene, mainly blues and jazz. It was so influential in the communities, that it caught the interest of young white male, Billy peek and and Albert King. They grew found of that kind of music and are music legends of St.louis today. Music is a tool that can be used in various ways. It can be used as an educational informative medium, or strictly for entertainment. But whichever way it is used, it has touched many lives all over the world. It is the world’s universal language. If the blacks from the Caribbean, and Africa had not migrated to St.louis, the blues and Jazz would have never had bearing in that part of the United States. I believe and agree with the fact that, anytime people move to a new place, they bring along part of their culture. That is why most big cities in the world are largely diverse.... Free Essays on Blues In St Louis Free Essays on Blues In St Louis Albert King, Where Y’at? Film: There’ll Always Be Stars In the Sky In today’s world, many people speak from their own experiences, coming from different backgrounds and caught between conflicting cultures. Countries seen as world powers, strong, confident and proud of their culture, now feel insecure- while other smallere countries are becoming more confident about their roots, identity and culture. St. louis went through tough times of cultural and political conflicts, but now those cultures have come together especially in music. Black music was at the fore-front of the St-Louis music scene, mainly blues and jazz. It was so influential in the communities, that it caught the interest of young white male, Billy peek and and Albert King. They grew found of that kind of music and are music legends of St.louis today. Music is a tool that can be used in various ways. It can be used as an educational informative medium, or strictly for entertainment. But whichever way it is used, it has touched many lives all over the world. It is the world’s universal language. If the blacks from the Caribbean, and Africa had not migrated to St.louis, the blues and Jazz would have never had bearing in that part of the United States. I believe and agree with the fact that, anytime people move to a new place, they bring along part of their culture. That is why most big cities in the world are largely diverse....

Neurotransmitters Definition and List

Neurotransmitters Definition and List Neurotransmitters are chemicals that cross synapses to transmit impulses from a neuron to another neuron, glandular cell, or muscle cell. In other words, neurotransmitters are used to send signals from one part of the body to another. Over 100 neurotransmitters are known. Many are simply constructed from amino acids. Others are more complex molecules. Neurotransmitters perform many vital functions in the body. For example, they regulate heartbeat, tell the lungs when to breathe, determine the set point for weight, stimulate thirst, affect mood, and control digestion. The synaptic cleft was discovered by Spanish pathologist  Santiago Ramà ³n y Cajal in the early 20th century. In 1921, German pharmacologist Otto Loewi verified that communication between neurons was the result of released chemicals. Loewi discovered the first known neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. How Neurotransmitters Work The axon terminal of a synapse stores neurotransmitters in vesicles. When stimulated by an action potential, synaptic vesicles of a synapse release neurotransmitters, which cross the small distance (synaptic cleft) between an axon terminal and a dendrite via diffusion. When the neurotransmitter binds a receptor at the dendrite, the signal is communicated. The neurotransmitter remains in the synaptic cleft for a short time. Then it is either returned to the presynaptic neuron through the process of reuptake, metabolized by enzymes, or bound to the receptor. When a neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic neuron, it can either excite it or inhibit it. Neurons are often connected to other neurons, so at any given time a neuron  may be subject to multiple neurotransmitters. If the stimulus for excitation is greater than the inhibitory effect, the neuron will fire and create an action potential that releases neurotransmitters to another neuron. Thus, a signal is conducted from one cell to the next. Types of Neurotransmitters One method of classifying neurotransmitters is based on their chemical composition. Categories include: Amino acids: ÃŽ ³-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartate, glutamate, glycine, D-serineGases: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO)Monoamines: dopamine, epinephrine, histamine, norepinephrine, serotoninPeptides:  ÃŽ ²-endorphin, amphetamines, somatostatin, enkephalinPurines: adenosine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Trace amines: octopamine, phenethylamine, trypramineOther molecules: acetylcholine, anandamideSingle ions: zinc The other major method of categorizing neurotransmitters is according to whether they are excitatory or inhibitory. However, whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on its receptor. For example, acetylcholine is inhibitory to the heart (slows heart rate), yet excitatory to skeletal muscle (causes it to contract). Important Neurotransmitters Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in humans, used by about half of the neurons in the human brain. It is the primary excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system. One of its functions is to help form memories. Interestingly, glutamate is toxic to neurons. Brain damage or a stroke can lead to an excess of glutamate, killing neurons.GABA is the primary inhibitory transmitter in the vertebrate brain. It helps to control anxiety. GABA deficiency may result in seizures.Glycine is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate spinal cord.Acetylcholine stimulates muscles, functions in the autonomic nervous system and sensory neurons, and is associated with REM sleep. Many poisons act by blocking acetylcholine receptors. Examples include botulin, curare, and hemlock. Alzheimers disease is associated with a significant drop in acetylcholine levels.Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) increases heart rate and blood pressure. It is part of the bodys fight or flight syst em. Norepinephrine is also needed to form memories. Stress depletes stores of this neurotransmitter. Dopamine is an inhibitory transmitter associated with the reward center of the brain. Low dopamine levels are associated with social anxiety and Parkinsons disease, while excess dopamine is related to schizophrenia.Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in mood, emotion, and perception. Low serotonin levels can lead to depression, suicidal tendencies, anger management issues, difficulty sleeping, migraines, and an increased craving for carbohydrates. The body can synthesize serotonin from the amino acid tryptophan, which is found in foods such as warm milk and turkey.Endorphins are a class of molecules similar to opioids (e.g., morphine, heroin) in terms of structure and function. The word endorphin is short for endogenous morphine. Endorphins are inhibitory transmitters associated with pleasure and pain relief. In other animals, these chemicals slow metabolism and permit hibernation.

Reading Response and Thinking about Research Questions Essay - 1

Reading Response and Thinking about Research Questions - Essay Example Nevertheless, the publishing industry has been reshaped over a century through the creation of websites such as Amazon. The book talks about the shift from analogue to digital where now publishers digitally send contents to distributors and retailers who then reaches the potential consumers. Consumers download the digital contents into their personal computers, tablets, smartphones, iPhones and other reading devices. The book clearly shows the disadvantages of traditional mode of publishing and marketing of books. The book contains several essays that help the reader to get a concrete conclusion on the effects of digital changes in publishing and music industries. The essays explain the effects on workflow, designing, and metadata. The tools of the digital workflow and designing of books in the digital age are clearly stated in the book. The essay clearly shows the work made by every player in books publishing industry. That is, the worker of publishers, websites, retailers as well as consumers. The book analysis the use of books as a result of the shift other than digital copies of paper objects. (McGuire and OLeary) 2. For each of the two specific essays you read from the book, please do the following. Give the title/author of the essay. Summarize the reading (use about 3 sentences for each summary), and describe its significance in regard to our course theme. Why are these specific essays of interest to you? â€Å"The Forgotten Consumer† by Jacob Lewis is one of the interesting essay that clearly explain the inefficient market. Digital changes have improved the book industry whereby publishers use the internet to find potential customers for their products. The essay also shows how digital changes have led to growth of talents of many writers and readers. Huge amounts of books, articles, and eBooks are produced every day and this clearly shows development in the publishing industry. The other essay is â€Å"What We Can Do with

How to Make Almost Anything Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to Make Almost Anything - Essay Example ‘Digital fabrication will allow individuals to design and produce tangible objects on demand, wherever and whenever they need them.’ (Gershenfeld, 2012) In the past manufacturing and construction were run on manually procedures, which were then substituted with machines and other tool. However, when these machines were replaced by the digital technology the numerically controlled tools transformed the way of doing business. The additive manufacturing is another enhancement of the digital fabrication that turns data into things and things into data. It has made it possible to make two elements e.g. bearing and axle at the same time that was not possible through the traditional manufacturing processes and tools. The 3D printer is one of the examples of this technique used by many companies to create complex products and designs. The digital fabrication came in stages with the first generation being made available to the researchers with reasonable pricing. The second and more advanced generation of digital fabrication products are now in the market that are more expensive with freely shared plans and modifications. In order to demonstrate the usability of the digital fabrication products ‘fab labs (fabrication labs or fabulous lab)’ were created with different digital fabrication tools at a net worth of $50,000. These tools included the 3-D printers, computer-controlled lasers, milling components, components of moulding and casting arts etc. These labs showcased the usability of digital fabrication to the world. Also these fab labs provided to be parts of the continuing revolution for e.g. the fabrication lab in Manchester is taking an active part in the new industrial revolution. Digital fabrication is all about having the computer-controlled tools to custom design your product in a faster and more efficient manner. The article gives many examples that show that digital fabrication is a